Machine tool



Feb. 4, 1947. T. B. GIBBS MACHINE TOOL Filed De '7, 1942 10 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. Thomas B. Gbbs BY T. B. GIBBS MACHINE TOOL Feb. 4, 1947.

Filed Dec. 7, 1942 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. Thomas 3 6 15/9293 Feb. 4, 1947. T, 5, 6,858 2,415,206

MACHINE TOOL Filed. Dec. 7, 1942 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. Z'homczsfl 661265- Feb. 4, 1947. T. B. GIBBS MACHINE TOOL Filed Dec. 7, 1942 2/4 9- M W v 0 Sheets-Sheet 5 Feb; 4, 1947. T. B. GIBBS MACHINE TOOL Filed Dec. 7, 1942 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR. Thomas B. Gzlbbs Feb. 4, 1947. GIBBS 2,415,206

MACHINE TOOL Filed Dec. 7, 1942 10 Sheets-She t 7 INVENTOR. Q2 Thomas B. Gbbs /Q/ BY T. B. GIBBS MACHINE TOOL Feb. 4, 1947.

Figled Dec. '7, 1942 10 Sheets-$heet 8 NQMPN uvmvrog. Thomas .B. Gabbs BY J with

T. B. GIBBS MACHINE TOOL Feb. 4, 1947.

Filed Dec. 7, 1942 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR. Thomas B. Gi/bbs kubkm .Qvi koek NT v gm bmtuRm T. B. GlBBS' MACHINE TOOL Feb. 4, 1947.

Filed DeC. 7, 1942 10 Sheets-Sheet 10 I WNW tuxbt a INVENTQR. T/wmasB. 64/9255 BY Maw Patented Feb. 4, 1947 MACHINE TOOL Thomas B. Gibbs, Delavan, Wisl, assignor to George W. Borg Corporation, Chicago, 111., a

corporation of Delaware M Application December '7, 1942, Serial No. 468,060

34 Claims.

The present invention relates in general to machine tools, but more in particular to machine tools of the automatic type, and the object of the invention is the production of a combined automatic lathe and bobbing machine which is adapted to make small pinions such as are used in clocks or other timepieces.

As referred to above, a pinion includes also a shaft which is formed, integrally therewith. It has been the practice heretofore to make these parts from rod stock on an automatic lathe which turns them out complete except for the pinion teeth, which are cut on a separate hobbing machine. The cutting of the pinion teeth, however, is a very diflicult operation because the pinions are so small that it is hard to hold them and the shafts are so tiny that they are apt to be bent or'broken. A complete pinion including shaft may have an overall length of .246 inch and an overall diameter of .1 inch, with a shaft diameter of .0187 inch. The dimensions given are those of a typical pinion and will give an idea of the extremely small size, and of the dificult problem which is involved in manufacture.

This problem is solved in an efficient manner by the present invention which, as stated before, is a combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine. The machine includes a hollow spindle and collet for holding and rotating the rod stock, a set of radially disposed tools, and a hob which is located just beyond the tools in the direction of head stock motion. In the operation of the machine, the end of the stock is first turned down in the usual manner to form the shaft at one end of the pinion which is being made. When this operation is completed the head stock is moved quickly forward to bring the stock into the vicinity of the hob, and the hobbing operation is performed while the incompleted pinion is still part of the stock. This eliminates the difficulty formerly encountered in holding the pinion while the teeth were being cut by the hob. As soon as the hobbing operation is finished the head stock isreturned the proper distance tobring the other end of the pin-ion in the vicinity of the tools, and the other end of the shaft is turned down. The completed :pinion is then cut off from the stock, whereuponthe collet is opened and the head stock is moved back to get a fresh grip on the stock preparatory to making another pinion.

The foregoing description'of the operation of the machine is extremely brief, but will be sufficient to give an idea of the nature of the invention. More complete information as to the construction and. operation of the machine will be found in the detailed specification which follows.

The machine will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, comprising Figs. 1. to 15, inclusive, which show a preferred embodiment of the invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front View of the combined auto-. matic lathe and hobbing machine, including the base;

Fig. 2 is a front view of the same on a larger scale, the base being omitted;

Fig. 3 is a view of the machine as seen from the right in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a. view of the machine as seen from the left in Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 shows the hob, hobbing spindle housing, and associated parts, together with the air cylinder and piston for swinging the hob in and out of operative position; i

Fig. 6 is a section through the bobbing spindle housing on the line 66, Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a section through the stop by means of which the operating position of the hob is adlusted;

Fig. 8 shows a pinion and shaft of the type which is adapted to be made on the machine;

Fig. 9 is a partial section on the line 9-9, Fig. 5; i

Fig. 10 is a section through the stock guide bushing bracket on the line |ll-'-I0, Fig. 9, and on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 11 is a partial section through the pneumatic clutch which drives the main spindle dur-' ing the hobbing operation;

Fig. 12 is a section through a part of the clutch housing and other parts showing how air is admitted to the clutch; a i 1 Fig. 13 shows graphically the timing of the cams which control certain operations of themachine; and a 1 Figs. .14 and 15 are diagrammatic circuit drawings showing the electrical and pneumatic control equipment. a 1

The. combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine which is the subject-matter of the invention may be considered to be an improvement onor further development of an automatic lathe known as the Tornos high speed automatic lathe. This lathe has been manufactured for some time byUsines Tonnes, of Moutier, Switzerland, and many of them are at present in use in the United States. Under these circumstance it will not be necessary to describe in detail those parts of the present machine which correspond to and func-. tion the same as similar. parts in the 'I'ornos lathe, the construction and operation of which are well known, as indicated above.

may be a similar door or suitable opening in the base at the rear.

In the front wall of the basethereis mounted a switch assembly comprisingthe startswitch I2 and the stop switch l3. On the left end of the base or at any convenient place a single throw double pole switch [4 is mounted. At the top the base supports the bed I5, which carries thahead stock, tool head, hobbing mechanism and various other partsaofthe machine. .These .parts willJc-e describedinconnection with other figures of the drawings in: which they are shown ingreater 'detail and on a larger scale.

Referring to Fig. 2, the headstock isindicated at,..20. andissupported for.sliding movement on thefbed: in the usual manner. Thehead stock is urged toward the right by a springZl one end of wh-ich .is attached .to.the headstock while the otherend is attached .to..the..adjustable member 22. .The member 22-.issli'dable .onthethreaded rod 23 except for the nut 2'4, by means of which the tension in spring rz I. is adjusted. .The extreme position of the head stock is determined by .the adjustablecstopscrew:25 which is carried on .the post lfi projectingupward from the extension'z'l ofrtheibed.

The rod 23 is supported onea casting which is secured to .therbed :byrtwo cap,-screws,.as;shown in Fig. 3, and includes: a part-n28, a .transversepart 29,:and an .upwardlyextending part. which. supportsthe integrally formed spring housing 3|. The rod 23 is threaded into the transverse'part 29-01 the casting.

Projecting :fromithe extension '21 of the bed there is .a :rod.. :32, which carries .two tubular spacers 33 and the adjustable stock tube supportingbrack'et 3.4. This :bracket :extends "upward and to the rear, as seenrin Eig...3,1and supports one end of the stock tube 35. "Thebracket 34: is clamped on :the rod "32 :by3means of the .bolt 3fiyhaving a' handle 1 31; ;An extension 38 of the bracket 34 supports thepulleyfifi.

The stock'tube maybeiabout ten feet long and suitable means is provided for supporting it at the end opposite the bracket .134. "Thetube has aslit on top -whichextends lengthwise of the tube. The 'follower' lll is slidable in 'Tthetube and carries a thin member 4| which projects :upward through the slit in the stock tube. :A cord 42 is attachedto the member Al and passes'raround the pulley 39, whence it extends along parallel to the'stocktube to a point'near the end thereof where-suitable means is provided for producing a steadystr'ain on the cord. Any suitable-arrangement may be used for *thi's' purpose, whereby the cord iskept under "tension and the follower is"continuouslyurged to the left. 'Apart'of the st'ofck,'.1:a"roun;dsteel rod, is shown at '43, where it leaves'the stock tube and enters the spindle. *In practice'ja' short 'guidetube-extending to'the right f rom. the spindle encloses the, stock at this point, but this tubehasbeen omitted from the drawings.

.The spring housing'3l supports two pivoted levers 4'4 and '45, the. upper "ends ofwhich;are"connected by a tie rod '46. A short 'cylindricalmem- I 4 ber 48 having a cross hole drilled therein is carried on the rod 46 and has a pin 41 projecting forward from one end and a set screw 49 at the rear end by means of which it is clamped to the rod 46. The pin 41 is in the path of the member ll supported on the follower 40 so that as the stock-becomesznearly exhaustedthegpin '41 is engag-ed by ;'member 4| andlever-:44;is..actuated. This lever has a downwardly projecting extension 50, see Fig. 3, for operating the stock limit switch 5| to stop the machine, as will be ex- "plained more fully hereinafter.

:stock by meanspf ball hearings in known man- '.ner,.eanditerminates at one end in the collet 52 and at the otherend in a pneumatic clutch the housing 53 of which can be seen in Fig. 2. The .colletiisiof known construction and need not be described in detail, although the pneumatic means for operating it will .be.described. .The clutch, however, .is .of .novel .construction..and will be.-.described in .connectionwithFigs. Hand 12.

In Fig. .11 the spindle is indicatedat'i l. .-It .is provided with a pulley 5-5: and is driven .by a belt 56 which passes over the pulley and extends downwardthrough an opening inzthe head stock to a driving pulley which is part of the speed changing mechanisminthebase ofthe machine. This mechanism doesnot form partof .theinvention-and is not shown.

lone of the several --sets of-zball. bearings which support the spindle is located just to the left of the clutch housingand is shown .in'Fig. "11; The head stock 20 has aarounded'upwardly projecting extension 20"--which"at its right hand vend'wis-a continuationof the boss '51 at the end .ofthe head stock. This'boss has a machined 'circular end surface concentric "with which the end ofthe headstock" including extension'ZU' :is :boredout to receivethe outer-balliraces-58. The inneriball races 59 are clamped against the. shoulder Gll on the spindle 54 byzmeansoftthe tubular'sleeve 6|; the clutch member 62tandthe nut 63; The-clutch member 52 is i prevented from .turning on the spindlebymeanszof a 'keyili l.

The reference chara'cter 65 in'dicates'the clutch bearing member, which is generally of cylindrical shape and has a' flange 66 which engages the machined end surface of the boss'5'1. 'The clutch bearing member and the clutch "housing 53'are secured to the -'headsto'ck against the boss-'51 by m'ea-ns-ofscrews such as 61. The'screw 61 passes through-the head stock extension 20 and is threa ded into-the cover m'ember 68.- The other screws 'are' threaded into the head stock.

The clutch housing is generally cup-shaped and has an an-nular interior ridge 6'9 at'the bottom throughwhich theholes are drilled'for the screws-such-as-Bl. 'The other end of the clutch housing is 'closed bythe circular plate"). The bottom of the c'lutchhousing' has'asemi-circular cutout and the "upper wall is also cut away to admit "a'pa'rt'of the long pinion H. 'Thispinion isprovi'ded' with bearing bushings at the ends,"as shown, and is rotatable '-on the-shaft 12 which is supportedon the bracketl3 attached to the head stock and an upwardly projecting extension 14 of'the'clutch housing.

As mentioned hereinbe'fore, one of' the clutch members is indicated 'at 62 and is rigidly secured to the spindle. The other clutch member is indicated at and is formed integrally with the pinion TBwhichis in mesh with the "long pinion '1 I When the clutch "is "disengaged; the

the bronze bearing ring I9, which rotatably engages the air seal ring I8. It will be noted that there is an annular airchamber 80 inside the pinion I6 between the air seal ring I8 and the end of clutch member 15.

The clutch member I is urged to the left by air pressure in the annular air chamber 8|, which is closed by an air seal ring 82, clamped against the shoulder 83 on the clutch bearing member 65 by means of the nut 84. Compressed air is supplied to the chamber 8I by means of a pipe 85, seen in Fig. 3. This pipe has a coupling which is threaded into an opening 86 at the bottom of the clutch housing. The opening 86 is shown in Fig. 12, which is a section taken on a plane which is angularly displaced from the sectional plane of Fig. 11. From the bottom of opening 86 a hole 81 is drilled through the bottom of the clutch housing and the clutch bearing member 85 to intersect the longitudinal hole 88 drilled in the clutch bearing member. The hole or channel 88 is closed at one end by a plug 89 and at the other end communicates with the air chamber 8| by way of a hole 90 drilled in the clutch bearing member.

The clutch bearing member 65 also has a longitudinal hole or channel 9|, Fig. 11, which is similar to the channel 88, Fig. 12. The channel 9| is connected with the air chamber 8! by a hole 92, and is connected with the air chamber 86 by a hole 93. i

The valve through which compressed air is supplied to the pipe 85 is so arranged that in its open position the pipe is connected to the compressed air supply source while in its closed position the pipe is opened to the atmosphere. When the air chamber BI is at atmospheric pressure the springs I1 move the clutch member I5 to the right and hold it in engagement with the clutch member 62. In this condition the clutch is engaged and rotation of the pinion or'gear I6 rotates the spindle 54. It should be observed also that the movement of the clutch member IE to the right closes the air hole 92. When compressed air is supplied to the air chamber 8| the clutch member I5 is moved to the left to disengage the clutch. When the clutch member I5 arrives at about the position in which it is shown in Fig. 11, the hole 92 is partly opened andcompressed air leaks out of air chamber 85 into air chamber 80. The movement of the clutch member I5 to the left stops when the air pressure in air chamber 80 becomes high enough to compensate for the difference between the force exerted by the springs I1 and the force exerted by the compressed air in air chamber 8|.

. The arrangement for opening and closing the collet is the same as on the Tornos lathe except that it is operated by compressed air instead of by a cam on the cam shaft. The mechanism includes a sliding member (not shown) on the spindle, a horizontal lever 94 pivoted on the head stock, and a link 95 by means of which the lever is connected to the piston rod 96 of the air cylinder 91. The air cylinder 91 is secured to a bracket 98 which is attached to the end of the head stock by cap screws, as seen in Fig. 3. Air is supplied toone end of the air cylinder by way of a pipe I00 and to the other end by way of a pipe IOI. These pipes, as well as the pipe which supplies compressed air to the clutch, should be flexible to permit movement of the head stock. Rubber hose of the requisite strength may be used.

I The tool head assembly is indicated generally at I05, Fig. 2, and is substantially the same asin the standard Tornos lathe. There are five radially disposed tools mounted in tool holders which are movable toward and away from the stock under the control of cams on the camshaft.

Two of these tool holders are indicated at I06 and I0I in Fig. 4. The mechanism for controlling or operating the tool holders is only partly shown in the drawings, but is well known. The tool holder I08, for instance, seen in Figs. 2 and 4, is slidable radially toward the stock and is retracted by means of springs I09. Movement of the tool holder toward the stock is accomplished by means of a lever H0 which is pivoted at III and is cam actuated by means of a push rod I I2. The lever H0 operates the tool holder by means of an adjustable pin II3 best seenin Fig. 4.

Adjusting devices for the tools are provided but need not be described. 1

The tool head assembly also includes a guide bushing spindle which is mounted on ball bearings in the main tool head casting and is driven from the main spindle on the head stock by means of two pins II 5 which are fixed to the guide bushing spindle and slide in holes drilled in the flange I I6 on the end of the collet housing 52. This sliding connection is required because the guide bushing spindle is fixed as regards longitudinal movement, whereas the head stock and collet have such longitudinal .movement to feed the stock. The guide bushing. spindle carries a guide bushing inside the front cover II! which is of the proper size to support the stock firmly in the vicinity of the tools while. permitting the stock to slide lengthwise under the control of the head stock.

The cam shaft is indicated at I20, Figs. 3 and 4. and is rotatably supported on two brackets I 2! and I22 which project to the rear from the bed of the machine. The cam shaft is driven by the cam shaft motorin the base of the machine by means of the belt I23, pulley I24, and suitable gears which are not shown. The pulley I24 may be disconnected by means of the clutch I25 which is operated by the cam release I26; Fig. '2, in known manner. This permits the camshaft to berotated slowly by hand during the setting up of the machine. i I

In addition to the usual cams for controlling the tools the cam shaft carries eight cams for operating 'the switches which control the electrical circuits of the machine, as will beidescribed presently, and two cams for controlling the head stock movement. The cam I21, Fig. 4, is one of the tool operating cams. The switch operating cams are similar and are located farther along on the camshaft. Each switch operating card has a switch operating lever such as I28. )These levers are urged toward the cams by springssuch as I30 and are provided with cam followers such as I29 which bear on the respective cams. The cams I3I and I32,-Fig. 3, are thehead stock cams. The cam I32 controls the movement of the' head stock during the turning operations while the cam I3I controls the movement of I the head stock during the hobbing operation.

The head stock advance mechanism includes the lever I33 which is pivoted 0n the bed at I35,

justa-ble up and iasshownin Figs.-2-;and 3. Theiever I33 carries .two followers I34 which engage the cams I3 I and I32. At the other end of thelever I33 there is a .roller I36 which engages a hardened steel'block I31 whichis pivotally supportedat the bifurcated end of the bell crank lever I38. This lever I38 is pivoted on the bed at I39 and'carries an adjust- :able pin or stud I46 which :engages theie'dge of the :camplate MI. The camplate MI is secured :to Lthesi'deof thehead stock by means of abolt -I42 the headof whichis .heldin the countersunk .groove I42 Thecam plateis adjustable'length- .wise of the .head stock and the stud I46 is addownin the slot.l43 in the lever 11238. 1 piFrom-the foregoing it will be understood that .the'advancezof the headstock-by one of the head stock cams i effected by rotation of the lever I33 "on-its .pivot, the lever I133 in turn rotating :lever :I38, which-moves the head stock to the left by means of the stud I40 and cam plate I4I, The increase in the diameter of cam I3I which occursat I44 corresponds to the advance ofthe .head :stock from turning to hobbing position.

'The'head stock isnot advanced-in this case, however, by engagement of the follower I34 with'the .camsurface M4. The slope of surface I44 is too steep and if it were flattened out sufficiently'to permit cooperation with the follower valuable "timewould. be lost. .A so-called fast advance mechanism is therefore employed toadvance the head stock from turning to hobbing position.

The fastadvance mechanism includes an extension I'45 whichis boltedito the lever I33 and anair cylinder I146 which issupported at its Jlowerend on a pivot (notshown) so asto per? mit a slight oscillating motionin the plane of the extension M5. The piston rod isprovided with a cap I41:to.whichthere is attached a small rod I48 which projects upwardly and passes "through a cross hole drilled in the short shaft I49. This shaft I49 is rotatably supported at the bifurcated end of the extension I45 an'd'the cross hole in I49 is large enough so' that the rod I48 is slidable therein. The function of the rod I48 .is to maintain cylinder I46 in upright position, the cylinder being pivoted at the bottom, as previously explained. Air is supplied to thecylinder I46 at the top by means of an air pipe I50 and there is a similar pipe (not shown) for supplying airto the bottom of the cylinder.

The operation of the fast advance mechanism :will be readily understood from the foregoing. When compressed air is admitted to the lowerend of the cylinder I46, the piston therein is moved :upward. The piston rod-moves upward also, the rod :I48 sliding in the cross hole in shaft I49. Very shortly the cap I41 engages the shaft 1-49 and" the lever. I33 is "rotated by'means of the "extension -I45 far enough so that the. follower =I3'4 can ride upon the cam -I3I at about the point I., The "operation of lever I33-advances the heaid stock to hobbi-ngposition; Whenthehobhing operation isccompleted compressedair is admitted to the upperend ofthe cylinder I46 to return the piston so that'the head *stock 'may'be returnedby spring 2 I The reference numeral I66 indicates "the tail stock, reference'being had particularly to Figs. '2 and-4. The 'tail'stock is "rigidly supported onithe bed of the machine. Apart of thetail 'StOGkZiIldl-- 'cated at I62 projects upward and forward :and constitutes a support for the'hobbing mechanism.

.;'I?hc reference eharacter 1 63 .indicatesthe hobbinguspindle bracket, which isqpivoted-zon zthe upper end :of the'part 162 of the tail stock, as

shown clearly in Fig. 9. The .hobbing spindle housing I64 is just'behind the hobbingspirrdle bracket to which it is secured by means "of'four cap screws such as 165 and'another similar cap screw I66. The hobbing spindle'fhousingil 64'is shown in .avsubstantially vertical positiondn Fig. 9,;but in practice the lower end carryingthe hob I61 is moved to the right a certain amountrto enable .the hob to cutthe pinion teeth parallel to the shaft of the pinion. The=amouht-by which the hob'housin'g is inclined to the 'vertic'alrdepe'nds 0n the pitch of the hob :teeth' and *isradjustable by loosening thecap'screws. The holes in'th'e hobbing spindle bracket through which the :cap screws I65 pass .are large enough to permit the requisite "adjustment ofthe .hobbing' spindle housing.

The object in pivotally'mounting the .hobbing spindle bracket I63 is to permit the hob I61 to be moved toward and awa fromrthe stock. The means "for accomplishing these movements of the hob is shown in Fig. 5 and includes anair cylinder I68 which is suitably mounted on the tail stock I62. Compressed air .is suppliedito the front and rear ends of the cylinder by 'airpipes I12 and I13, respectively. -Movem'ent oftheipiston I69 is communicated to the hob bymeans of the'piston'ro'd I16 "and the link I1I. Fig.15 shows the hob in partly retracted position, that is, away from the stock. The total travel 'ofithe hob maybe about 'of'aninch. Thelimit of travel toward the stock is ."determined by the stop screw I14 which is threaded in the sleeve "or bushing I15, the latter being fixed iniia "hole drilled in the hobbing spindle bracket. Thes onstruction is shown in detail in Fig. .7. When the hob is moved toward thestock by the :piston I69, the end of thestop'screw I14 comesiintoena head portion I84 having a sliding fit in "the sleeve I 88. At the end opposite the head I84 the shaft I82 is slidable'in the'shaftbushing'HiI,

whichhas a tight 'fit inside thesleeve I86. "The spring I81 'is compressed between the shoulder at I84 and the end of the shaftbushiing :I-8I and .urges the'shaft I82 to'the right, as seen in Fig. 9.

The movement in'this direction is limited'by the adju'stingknob I83 :which holds the shaft'in' the position in which it is shown. The shaft is prevented from turning in the sleeve I86 "by a key I85 which isslidable in a 'keyway cut "inthe enlarged head I84 of the shaft.

The head I84 of shaft I82 is bored outto receive the slightly tapered pivot pin I88; which fits tightly in the head I84. Across hole I86 drilled through the head-I84 and sleeve I88'permits the insertion of a punch to loosen' thc-pivot pin I88 when it is desired to'remove the sam en It will-be-understood, of course, that in order to d this the sleeve assembly imust firs'tbe removed from the tail stock. .Thepivotipin is slightly reduced. in diameter at. I.8;9.:to receivefithestock guide bracket I99, which fits tightly in place on the part I89 of the pivot pin. The end of the pivot pin cannot be seen in Fig. 9, but is shown in Fig. 10, which also shows the stock guide bracket to good advantage. As seen in Fig. 10, the pivot pin and the stock guide bracket are cut away on the side next to the hob to permit the latter to have the necessary access to the stock. At its right hand end the stock guide bracket supports the stock guide bushing I9I, which has a longitudinal bore I92 corresponding in diameter to the size of the stock. When the head stock is advanced to hobbing position the stock passes through the bore I92 of the stock guide bushing and the pinion shaft or pivot which has been formed at the end of the stock enters the bearing hole I93 at the end of the pivot pin I88. The stock is thus supported at the stock guide bushing, in which it fits closely, and also at the extreme end where the pinion shaft is inside the bearing hole I93 in the pivot pin. The stock guide bushing has to be changed if a different sized stock is to be used. The pivot pin I88 will also have to be changed if the pinion shaft size is changed.

The hobbing spindle is driven by the motor I95 which is supported on the tail stock as shown in Fig. 4. The hobbing spindle and drive mechanism is best shown in Fig. 6 and will now be described.

The hobbing spindle is of tubular construction and is indicated at I96. At the lower end it has an outwardly tapered head I91 which cooperates with the bushing I98 to form the lower bearing. The reference numeral I99 indicates a washer an 290 is the bearing adjusting nut, which is threaded on the hobbing spindle. This nut is locked by means of a set screw I which is accessible through an opening (not shown) in the housing I64. Near its upper end the hobbing spindle has a bearing in the bushing 292 which is held in place by the threaded thimble 293.

The hob IE1 is carried on the spindle tip 294, which includes the enlarged tapered part 295 which fits into the reamed out end of the tubular spindle. The spindle tip is held in place by the draw rod 299 which is threaded into the spindle tip 295 at the lower end. This draw rod has an enlarged head 2II at the upper end forming a shoulder which bears against the end of the tubular spindle when the draw rod is screwed into the spindle tip. The head 2 is preferably squared off at 2I9 so that the draw rod can be tightened up to hold the spindle tip firmly in place. The hob I61 rests against the shoulder 296 on the spindle tip, where it is held by means of washers 291 and a nut 298.

At its upper end the hobbing spindle I96 carries the spur gear 2I2 which is keyed on the spindle and is held against endwise movement by the set screw 2 I 3. The gear 2 I 2 is located in agear housing 2I4 which forms part of the spindle housing I69. The gear housing has a cover plate 2I5, as shown, in which there is inserted the bushing 2I9 which forms one bearing for the shaft 2I1, the other bearing being at the bushing 2I8 which is inserted in the lower wall of the gear housing. The shaft 2I1 carries thegear 2I9 which is in mesh with gear 2I2. The shaft is driven from the motor I95 by means of the pulley 222 on the motor shaft, the belt 22I, and the pulley 229 on shaft 2".

During the hobbing operation the main spindle and the collet which holds and rotates the stock must be rotated at a predetermined speed,

which depends on the speed of the hobbing spindle and the number of teeth to be cut in the pinion being made. To this end the main spindle is preferably driven from the hobbing spindle while hobbing is taking place and the arrangement for efiecting this object will now be described.

Referring to Fig. 2, it will be seen that there is a horizontal shaft 225 which extends to the right from the hobbing spindle bracket I63, where it has a bearing as shown in Fig, 9. The shaft 225- is driven by a pair of helical gears comprising gear 299 on the hobbing spindle I96, Fig. 6, and the gear 29I on shaft 225, Fig. 9. These gears become properly meshed when the hobbing spindle housing I64 and the hobbing spindle bracket i53 are assembled together as shown in Fig. 5. From this figure, and Figs. 6 and 9, it will be understood that the gears 230 and 23I are enclosed in a housing which comprises the enlarged portion 232 of the hobbing spindle housing I64 and the hollow semi-circular portion 233 of the hobbing spindle bracket I63.

At its right hand end the shaft 225 has a bearing at the boss 226 which projects from the bottom of the gear housing 221. The gear housing may be a one-piece casting. shaped as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and supported on the bed of the machine by means of an integrally formed bracket 228. A suitable cover is provided as will be understood, but is not shown in Fig. 3.

The shaft 225 extends through its bearing to the interior of the hOLlSing 221, where it is provided with the gear 234. The long boss 235, Fig. 2, affords a bearing for a shaft 239 which extends into the interior of the housing. The shaft 236 carries the gears 231 and 238 which are keyed or otherwise fixed to the shaft so as to rotate together. Between these gears the shaft 236 passes through a bearing in the bracket 239 which is provided for supportin the gear 249. The bracket 239 is adjustable and is held in any adjusted position by a bolt 24I which passes through the slot 242 in bracket 239 and is threaded into the bottom of the housing. The gear 240 may be supported on a bearing sleeve which is clamped to the bracket 239 by a bolt extending through the slot 243 and provided with a, nut 244. The gear 249 is properly meshed with gears 234 and 238 by adjustment of the bracket 239 and adjustment of the position of the bearing of gear 249 along the slot 243. The boss 245 supports a short fixed shaft on which the gear 241 is rotatably mounted, being held on the shaft by a nut 246. The gear 241 is driven by the gear 231 and drives the so-called long pinion II, which was described in connection with the clutch which is shown in Fig. 11.

From the foregoing it will be understood that the hobbing spindle drives the main spindle through the medium of the helical gears 230 and 23I, the shaft 225, the gears 234, 240, 238, 231, and 241, the lon pinion H, the gear 16 in the clutch housing, and the clutch members 15 and 52, the latter of which is fixed to the main spindle. The reason for the adjustable mounting of the gear 249 is to enable the speed of the main spindle to be varied in accordance with the number of teeth in the pinions being made. In case a slower speed is required, a larger gear is substituted for the gear 238 and at the same time the bracket 239 and the bearing of gear 240 are adjusted so that the gear 240 will mesh properly with gear 234 and the new gear which replaces gear 238,

' Referring. now to the circuit drawings, Figs. 14

enraged and. 15, the apparatus whichis diagrammatically shown therein. willbe briefly described. Forthe mostpartt'his apparatus is enclosed in the base of. the .machine and is not shown in theother drawings;

The reference numeral 300 indicates the spindlemotor for driving the main spindle, numeral lz9.5' indicates the. hobbing motor, previously referredto, while numeral-30 i indicates the cam shaftmotor. These motors are adapted to operate; on three phase alternating current and are controlled by. relays. 305to. 309, inclusive. relays alsooperate on alternating current. The devicessuch as 3l9 which are in circuit with. the motorsvmay. be fuses, but preferably. are thermally operated circuit breakersof known type. Each circuitbreakerhas a normally closed contact such as 3H which. it opensin response to an excessively-high. current flow. The start and stop switchesy; l2. and. [3, the stock limit switch 5i and the...switch. i4; have previously been mentioned and. are. shown in the. proper circuit relation. Three phase power is suppliedover theconductors-.302, .3 0.3 and 3.04;. I

In Fig. 1.5, thereierence numeral Mdindicates themain. air-pipe which extends to a sourceof compressed air and; has branch: pipes 3 I; 3H, 3-H! and 319; leading tothe; air valves 325, 324., 322 and 3'23, respectively. These air valves are ofa known:.electro:magnetically operated type, as are the airvalyes 3:24;.t'm329, inclusive. The valves 330 and;33 l are adjustable exhaust valves. The valve 320. i controls 1 thesupply of compressed air to'gt-he, clutchon the-main spindle, The valves 32 4 ,321,- and.. 325.. are. associated. with the head stock; fast advancecylinder: I46, the" valves 325, 3'22iand; 321 are associated with: the. cylinder 97 whichppensand closes the collet, while the valves 328; 3;2li .and ,329.ar.e associatedwith the hob inand-outtcylinder I03. These air cylinders have been descr bed and areshown only in-diagram matic; form inFig. 1.5;

Thereference numeral 332 indicates an air pr ssure switch whichas shown in the drawings comprisesan. air. cylinder 333 connected-to the maintairssupruyv pipe 31 5 and apiston=33fi which is.- urged;to.the left by. the airpressure to hol'cltheswitchmemben 332 in closed position. In

1 case orfailureyofz air pressuregthe piston is moved to, the..right by.the,.spring;335 and the switchis ned;

The.reference numerals.Ml to M8, inclusive, indicatev the eight switcheshwhich are. operated by the eight; switch camshereinbefore mentioned. Anysuitabletype of switch may be used, but I prefer, to. use a well knowntype; of quickecting switch whichis generally referred to as a micro switch. The cams which operate these eight 'sw-itches are not shown in Figs. 14. and l5.but are. shown, in conventional manner in r. Fig. 13. This figpre shows, the cam contours in parallel relation, which facilitates an understanding of the timing.

The operation ofthe machinewillnow be described jt being assumed for this purpose that the machine is beingused to, make. small .pinions. such-as; the pinion shown in Fig.8., This pinion isrnade from rod stock; of: the same size as the largest diameter of. the. pinion and com.- prisesla shaftsection 215,, a, shouldersection: 2.16, thegpinion-proper 211, a tapered shoulder sectionflfitgashoulder section 219,:andia shaft section. 280;; The pinion teeth. are. not actually shown, but,theitdepthisjndicated:by the dotted. lines... They tapered. shoulder 218': provides. .for

The

i2 mounting a gear wheel, which is pressed on: and" secured by staking. Theshaft sections Z-TJ-iand 280 run in suitable bearings whenthe pinion-and Fig. 15. The powersupply conductor 3.02 isalson g connected to conductor 342 which extendsto the: start switch 12.

It will be assumed that switch i=4 is;closed1at; time Ti, Fig. 13. Atv this time the parts .arein the position which. they assume just. as a pinion. is completedand. is cut off from the stock. By referencetoFig. 13 it will beseen. thatiat. time Ti the spindle motor cam l and the-clutch: cam 5 are in position to operate their. associated switches Ml and M5; which are shown. in operated. position in- Figs. 14 and, 15. All the other cams are ininoperative-position and the. corresponding switches, are shown in normal orunoperated position.

The fact that switch MI is in operated posi-' tion' is of no consequence at the moment, since? relay 309 is deenergized. The operated switch M5, however, closesian obvious circuit for the solenoid 346 of the magnetic air valve 32o, thus} operating this valve to close-the exhaust pipe 345 and to extend the branch air supply, pipe 3l6 to pipe 85 which extends to the clutch, The supply of compressed air to the clutch causes it to become disengaged in the manner previously explained.

The switches-M6, M1 and M8 being 'in. unop-. erated position, the normally closed contacts of. these switches complete circuits for the -solenoids 341,350 and'353 of; the air valves. 324, 326 and 328, respectively. These solenoids. are accordingly energized and thecorresponding air valves are opened.

The operator may now close. the start switch momentarily, thereby, completing a circuit for relay 309 which extends from conductor 302 by.

is contingent upon switch M having previously been closed, and is alsodependent upon switches 332 and BI being closed. It will be clear also that the opening of any one of these switches will cause the deenergization ofrelay 309; In case the air pressure should fail, for example, switch 332 is opened andthe locking circuit ofirelay 309 is. broken, causing the relay-to deenergize.

Relay 309' is thus held 13 -In energized position, relay 309 extends the power supply. conductors 302, 303 and 304 by way of contacts 351, 358 and 359 to conductors 360, 36I and 362, which extend to the cam shaft motor 30 I This motor accordingly starts to run. At the same time a circuit is completed for relay 305, extending from conductor 36I' by way of conductor 363, operated switch MI, conductor 364, winding of relay 305, and conductor 365 to conductor 362. Uponenergizing over the above circuit, relay 305 extends the power supp y conductors 302, 303 and 304 to the spindle motor 300 in an obvious manner, and this motor starts to run.

At time T2, Fig. 13, the collet control cam 1 operates its associated switch M1, thereby breaking the circuit of solenoid 350 of air valve 326 and closing circuits for solenoids 35I and 352 of air valves 322 and 321. The deenergization of solenoid 350 closes the air valve 326. The energization of solenoid 352 opens air valve 321. The energization of solenoid 35I operates valve 322, which connects the branch air supply pipe 3I8 to pipe 38I and disconnects it from pipe 382. Compressed air is now supplied to the cylinder 91 by way of pipes 38I and IM and the piston is moved downward (to the right as seen in Fig, 2), expelling the air from the lower end of the cylinder by way of pipes I and 383 and the now open valve 321.

The operation of the piston in cylinder 91 as described in the foregoing opens the collet 52; that is, the collet is caused to release its gr p on the stock. At this time the tool last used, the one which cut oil the finished pinion, is in forward position and the end of the stock is held against this tool by the stock feed mechanism which includes the follower 40.

As soon as the collet has opened the head stock cam allows the head stock to move to the ri ht as seen in Fig. 2 to enable the collet to get a fresh grip on the stock. During this movement of the head stock the collet slides along the stock, the distance moved being equal to the length of stock required for one pinion.

The switch M1 remains operated for only a very brief interval, just sufficient to permit the requisite head stock movement. When the switch M1 restores solenoid 350 is again energized and solenoids 3'5I and 352 are deenergized. Valve 326 accordingly opens pipe 380, valve 321 closes pipe 383, and valve 322 changes position so as to disconnect supply pipe 3I8 from pipe 38I and connect it to pipe 382. Compressed air is thus supplied to the lower end of the cylinder by way of pipes 382 and I00, which restores the piston and permits the collet to close. During the return movement of the piston air is expelled from the cylinder by way of the pipes IOI, 380 and the open valve 326.

From time T2 to time T3, Fig. 13, the turning operations which are required to form the shaft 215 and the shoulder 216 of the pinion shown in Fig.- 8 take place. These operations are performed in known manner and need not be described in detail.

At time T3, the turning operations being completed, the spindle motor cam I restores switch MI and the spindle motor reverse cam operates switch M2. Switch MI, upon restoring, breaks the circuit of relay 305, which deenergizes and cuts off the supply of power to the spindle motor 300. The switch M2 closes a circuit for relay 306, it-being noted, however, that this circuit is not closed until the switch MI has-restored. Upon energizing, relay 306 extends the power supply conductors 302, 303 and 304 to the spindle motor 300 again, but in this case two of the phases are reversed, which quickly stops the motor. The switch M2 remains operated only for a, brief interval, long enough to stop the motor but not long enough to accelerate it in the opposite direction. When switch M2 restores, relay 306 deenergizes and the spindle motor remains disconnected from the power supply conductors for the tim being.

At time T4 the head stock fast advance cam 6 operates switch M6, thereby breaking the circuit of solenoid 341 and closing circuits for solenoids 348 and 349. On deenergizing, solenoid 341 closes air valve 324, while the energization of solenoid 349 opens the air valve 325. The energization of solenoid 348 causes the valve 32I to change position, whereby compressed air is shut oil from the lowerend of the cylinder I46 and is admittedto the upper end. It will be noted that the position of cylinder I46 is reversed from the position in which it is shown in Fig. 3, which has been done to avoid crossingof air pipes. the admission of air tothe cylinder thepiston is forced downward (upward in Fig. 3) and the head stock is advanced to hobbing position. The operation of the head stock fast advance mechanism has already been explained. It should be stated, however, that during the movement of the piston air is expelled from the cylinder I 46 by way of an air pipe. I50 and open valve 325 at a moderate rate due to the manually adjustable valve 33I which is partly closed. The valve 33I is adjusted properly so as to obtain a desirable cushioning effect from the air being expelled from the cylinder and thus prevent overthrow of the head stock and possible damage to the parts. Valve 330 is similarly adjusted to eliminate shock upon the return of the head stock.

When the head stock is advanced as described in the foregoing, it moves to the left as seen in Fig. 2, and the end of the stock passes through the opening I92 in the stock guide bushing I9I, Fig. 10. The movement of the head stock and stock is sufficient to cause the shaft 215 of the partly formed pinion, see Fig. 8, to enter the bearing hole I93 at the end of the pivot pin I88.

forces the pivot pin and shaft I82 very slightly to the left as seen in Fig. 9 against the tension of spring I81. I

At time T5 the hobbing motor cam 3 and the hob in-and-out cam 0 operate their respective switches M3 and M8, and the clutch cam 5 restores the switch M5.

The switch M3, upon operating, closes a circuit for relay 301, which energizes and connects the power supply leads 302, 303 and 304 to the hobbing motor I95. The motor accordingly starts to run.

The restoration of the switch M5 breaks the circuit of the solenoid 346, which deenergizes and restores the valve 320. By this operation of the valve the supply of compressed air to pipe 85 is cut off and the said pipe is vented to the atmosphere. The clutch accordingly becomes engaged as previously explained and the main spindle is couple-d to the hobbing spindle. The hobbing motor now drives the hobbing spindle and also drives the main spindle at the proper speed. It will be noted that the mainspindle is still connected to its own motor but the power has been disconnected from the spindle motor and it is free to rotate in response to rotation of the main spindle. I I I In response to The. shoulder 216 engages the end of the pivot pin and.

Them operation? of the" switch 'M8 breaksJthe circuit of 'sol'enoid 353 andicloses circuits sole-- noi'ds' 354 and-#355; The deenergizationi: of: solenoid 353 permits -valv'e 328 to close, .whilethe en ergizationmf solenoid 355" opens valve 329.: The' energizationof solenoid 3-54 ch'an'geg the' position of valve- 32?. so that compressed air? is' shut off from pipe: I 13 andtis' admitted: to" pipe (I 12 leading to cylinderl "38. The pistonLI69 is accord ing ly moved downward (to the: right as: seen" in Fig. 5) and the hob I61 is moved in towardfthe sto'ckl The movem'ent of the hob is" stopped by the limitpin' I 14, when'i the hob lias-moved in" in: enough to cut teeth of the: required depth as: indicated bythe dotted linesin Fig; 8..

The hobbing operation new proceeds, the ho'b beingrotated by the hobbin'gmotor and the stock being rotated: by the collet and main spindle" which-is now being driven' fromi the hobbingz'spindle. At thesame time the stock is-gradually fed to tlie' left by the cam" 131 Fig; 3; which now controls -the head stock'positiom The movement of the' stock" to-the left is permitted by the slidable' mountingof the tail stock shaft I82; which moves to the left also 1 against thetension of springcl 81. Whilethe hobbing operation is takingplace the stock is firmlysupporte'd 'by the stockaguide bushing' l'9l and by the pivot pin 1 88 on the tail stock shaftl82i The'hobbing operationis completedat time T6, whereuponthe bobbing motor earn 3 restores switch M3; the hob in-and-out cam- 8 restores switch M8, and" thebobbing-motor reversecam 4 'operat'es' switch M35 The --restoratin of switch" M3. causes the deene d erg-ization' of relay 301; which disconnects 1 the power supply conducto'rsfrom the bobbing motor The operation -of switcha M4 brings: about" the energization of relay 3H8- whi'ch connects the" power supplycon'diictors to thehobbin'g motor I95 with two phases reversed; which quickly stopsthemotor. Switch-M nis operated only for a. brief interval after which the switchl i's"restored and' relay 308' is deenergized."

'I'he restoration of switch M8 deenergizes solenoid's 354' and" 355* and energizessolenoid-33532 Valve 329' is accordingly closed; valve 328 opened; and the position of-valve 323 is alt'eredso that= compressed air is admitted to pipe I13 andis' shut off from pipe I12. Thus-thepiston Iii-9 1s operated to move the hob out to its normal 'position. Thisreturn' movement of the-hoboccurs whilel'the headstock'is'still in its most advanced position;

Attime T! the clutch cam 5're'operates'switch' M5, the headstock fast advance earn 6' restores switch M6, and the' spindle'moto'r cam I reoperates switch MI. The. operation of the spindlemotor' switch Ml shouldin" fact occur'about 2 degrees laterthan the operation ofthe switch Mii":

Whenithe switch M5 i-sLoperated'the solenoid 316 becomes energized and compressed" air i admitted to the pipe 85" to disengage the clutch. This uncouplesflthe main 'spin'dlefrom thehobbing spindle.

The: restoration of switoh M5 energizessolenoide 341' to -0pe'n valve 32'4; ,deenergizes'. solenoid 349 to close :valve .325, and deenergi'zes solenoid 348, whereuponyalve 32 I changes .tpositionltol admitairto piper lifl andvshut-offi the airfrom the:

- pipe leadingto 'theother end. of the cylinden- I45.

These; operations; cause-the return"; of. the :piston to theposition shownz'andpermit'the returniofi the head stock by spring 2|, the cam 31 having'zrox tate'd: far enough by this time tor clear: its follower'. The: return of thezh'eadfstock Lis :a'rrested'l by thei-cam' I92 at the proper point; for thdtstartofi the subsequent turning; operations? whichare required? to complete the pinion; The returnmovement-, is arrested without shock, due: to the air valve 339; whioli as-previously mntion'edll's adjusted to allow only. a; somewhat gradualmeirha'ustion of: the air through =va'1ve 324*;

operation of Y switch M I causes thes ene'rgizzation o'f relay 305;; which agairi connect's rrthei power: supply conductors to: the spindle motor: 300;:and-the motor starts to' Themain spin: dle is now again driven by its own motor. r

Further turning operations now take place, whereby thel shoulders 211% and: Z1 B and-the; shaft; section 280 are formed; The last? operation is. a cutting:v off operation which severs the completeckpinionfrom the stock. This' occur-s' just". prior to time T1 an'dsis followed by a 'repe'tition of. the. various operations. which result in, the: production of another pin-ion; etc. The mal-chine: will produce: completed pinions of the general: t pe. shown inFig'. 8 at the rate 0f two 'pe'r mink u'ite,=-.or thirty seconds for each pinion;

Itwill be understood that the cam timingshown inFig. 13 is more or less approximate-and: isintended only to show the relative order in which the variousoperations take place; In practice the cam timing is stated in degrees: of=rota'- tion of the cam shaft and is ca1cu1ated accurately in" accordance with'the requirements of the pal-e ticula'r part to 'be-made'.

When the stock is'nearly used up the stock limit switch 5lis opened in the'm'a-nner previouslyexplained; thereby opening-athe locking: circuit of relay 3-ll9and stopping'the'machine; The opera-: tor then loosens the stock tube bracket -34 by. means of handle31- and pulls the stock tube-35 forward farenough vso thatafresh-leng-th-of rod: stocktcan be inserted in the-tube from the ma-" chine end; the follower 40- being forced back:- alongthe stock tubeas -the new length of stock is-inserted :therein; The stock-tube is -thenre-' turned to its normal positionand thestocktubebracket is-looked in position.

The operator can stop the machinetemporarilyatany, time by operating; the stop switch-13, which opensthe locking-circuitof relay 3091 This of current to the magnetic air valves. In case" o-f. alonger shutdown the v switch l4 is opened.

Theinvention having-i; been described", that which is-believed to be newand for which-the prortection of Letters Patent is desired-willrbe pointed out: inthe appended claims.

1. A combined automatic lathe and hobbing;

machine for-making :pinionsfrom rod stocki comprising means for gripping and rotatingcthestock and for axially. advancing and returning it, means for forming ashaft section 'at the end-of the; stock; means-for cutting pinion teethinthe adjacent section of stock;- means for; forming another shaft section-beyond the pinion-section, and means for cutting the completedpinionandshaftirom I the -stock. V

2; A combined automatid lathe a-ndbobbing machinefor making pinlonsfrom rod stock, com:- pri-sing' means :for grippingandrotatingthe stock and-for axially. advancing and returningit, meansfor turnings'down-"the end section of the stock to form "a shaft section, means including; a hob for. cutting :pinion teeth-1m they next adjacentastoclg section, meansefor turningsdown a third stock section to form another shaft section, and means for cutting off the finished pinion and shaft from the stock. V

3. A combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine for making pinion from rod stock, comprising means for gripping and rotating the stock and for axially advancing and returning it, means for performing two turning operations at spaced sections of the stock to form a pinion shaft, means for cutting the pinion teeth at an intermediatestock section after the first turning operation is completed and before the second is started, and means for cutting the finished pinion and shaft from the stock.

4. A combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine for making pinions from rod stock, comprising means including a hob for cutting teeth in a section of said stock, means including a cutting tool for severing aid section from the stock in timed relation to the completion of the hob- 'bing operation, means for gripping said stock and for rotating the same at different speeds during the, hobbing and severing operations, and means for axially moving the stock after the hobbing operation is completed to bring the point Where the stock is to be severed adjacent said cutting tool.

5. Ina combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine, means including a head stock for holding and manipulating the stock, a turning tool and a hob in different positions axially of the stock, means for moving the head stock to bring the stock alternately to turning and hobbing positions, means for moving the hob toward and away from the stock when the same is in hobbing position, and cam operated means for controlling the movements of the head stock and hob in timed relation to each other.

6. Ina combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine, a spindle, a hob, .a motor for driving said spindle during turning operations, a motor for driving said hob. during a hobbing operation, means including gears for causing the hob motor to drive said spindle during said hobbing operation; and means for changing the gear ratio to change;the number of teeth out by said hob. 7 In a combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine, a spindle, a motor for. driving said spindle during turning operations, a hob, a motor for driving said hob during a hobbing operation, means for cutting .off the power to thespindle motor during the hobbing operation to allow said motor to run free, and means for coupling said spindle to the hob motor during said hobbing operation, whereby the spindle and spindle motor are driven from the hob motor.

8. In a combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine, a spindle, a spindle motor for driving said spindle during turning operations, a hob, a hob motor, a cam shaft and means for rotating it, a clutch for coupling said spindle to said hob motor, a cam on said shaft for axially advancing said spindle while the same is coupled to said hob motor, switches for controlling said motors and said clutch, and other cams on said shaft for operating said switches in timed relation to each other.

9. In a combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine, a spindle, a motorfor driving said spindle during turning operations, a hob, a motor for driving said hob, a cam shaft, a motor for driving said cam shaft, means for manually starting the cam shaft motor, and switches controlled by cams on said shaft for starting and stopping the spindle andhob motors. I i

10. In a combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine, two motors for driving the spindle and hob, respectively, a cam shaft and motor for driving it, means for manually starting the cam shaft motor, three phase circuits for inde pendently operating the spindle and hob motors, reversed phase circuits for stopping the spindle and hob motors, and switches controlled by cams on said cam shaft for controlling said circuits.

11. A combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine for making pinions from rod stock, comprising means including a hob for cutting the pinion teeth in a section of the stock spaced from the end thereof, means for turning down the stock on: both sides of said section to form the pinion shaft, means for cutting off the finished pinion, means for rotating the stock at high speed during the turning and cutting off operations, and means for rotating the stock at a slow speed bearing a predetermined relation to the speed of the hob during the hobbing operation.

12. A combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine for making pinions from rod stock, comprising means for performing turning and hobbing operations on a part of the stock, said operations being performed with the stock in different positions, means including a head stock for'manipulating the stock, cam operated means for controlling said head stock during said turning and hobbing operations, and independent fast advance mechanism for quickly shifting said head stock from turning position to hobbing position.

13. A combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine for making pinions from rod stock, comprising means including a head stock for holding and manipulating the stock, a tool for turning down the end section of the stock to form a shaft section, a hob forward of said tool, means for advancing said head stock to associate the stock with said hob, and a tail stock including a bearing member for receiving said shaft section to aid in supporting the stock during the hobbing operation.

14. A combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine for making pinions from rod stock, comprising means for turning down the end section of the stock to form a shaft section of a pinion, a hob, means for advancing the stock axially to a position where a section thereof adjacent said end section can be operated on by said .hob, a tail stock, a bearing member on said tail stock for receiving said shaft section to support the stock, means for gradually axially feeding said stock during the hobbing operation, and means including a resilient element permitting said bearing member to move responsive to the feed motion of the stock.

.15. In a combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine for making inions from rod stock, turning tools, a hob, means including a head stock for supporting and manipulating said rod stock, means for moving said head stock to position a section of said stock adjacent said tools and adjacent said hob alternately, means for moving the said tools and said hob to bring them successively into operative relation to the said section of stock, and cam controlled means for effecting the head stock, tool and hob movements in timed relation to each other.

16. In a combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine for making pinions from rod stock, a hollow spindle for receiving the stock, a collet mounted on said spindle for holding the stock, a head stock'supporting said spindle, means forrotating said spindle to perform a turning operation. on a section of said stock, a hob andimeans for'driving it, means for advancing said head 'stookfto. bring'an: adjacent section of the stock toithe. vicinity of said hob, means for moving said. hob toward the stock; means for further advancing said head stock to enable the hob to cut/the pinion teeth, means. for returning the hobafter the teeth are cut, means for coupling said 'spindle to the hob during the hobbing operation, a cam shaft and means for rotating it, and: means including cams. on said shaft for controlling the movements of said head stock and hobintimed relation to each other.

" .17. In a machine tool for making pinionsfrom rod stock, means including a head stock for majn-ipulating the: stock, means for performing a turning operation on the stock in one position thereof, means for advancing the head stock to move the stock longitudinally to a second position, asupporting bearing through which, a part of the stock passes in its movement to said second position, and a hob adapted to operate on a part. of the stock which has passed through said bearing.

I 128i In a machine tool for making pinions from root stock, means for forming a shaft on the end 'of'the stock, supporting means for the stock forming two spaced bearings, one bearing being of the proper size to receive the stock and the other being of the proper size to receive said shaft, means for advancing the stock longitudinally to cause the stock and shaft to enter said bearings, respectively, and: a hob adapted to operate on the stock at a pointbetween said bearings.

1.91 In. a. combined. hobbing machine and lathe for making pinions from rod stock, a main spindie, aih'obbing spindle, separate means for driving said spindles, respectively, means including a. trainof gears and a clutch for driving said main spindle from said hobbing spindle, one of said: gears being changeable to change th ratio of'main spindle speed to hobbing spindle speed, and means for adjusting the adjacent gear to cause the same to mesh properly with the changed: gear and another gear of said train.

. 20'. an automatic hobbing machine and lathe iior making pinions from rod stock, means for-partly forming a pinion by turning operations on the stock, a hobbing spindle and hob supportedthereon, ahobbing spindle bracket supporting saidhobbing spindle, means for advancing the stock partlyformed pinion to a point opposite said: hob, means pivotally supporting said bracket; means for rotating said bracket on its pivot to. move the hob toward said partly formed pinion, and an adjustable stop to limit the extent of said movement.

1 21., In a; combined hobbing machine and lathe for'making. pinionsfro-m rodstock, means for manipulatingjthe stock including means for advancingit from. turning position to hobbing position, a: hobbing spindle and hob supported thereon, a pivoted bracketfor supporting said hobbing spindle}, an;a-i1 cylinder having a piston connected to said bracket, and means for admittingcompressed air toyopposite, ends of. said cylinder alternately to swing; said; braQket on it pivot and move said hob: toward and away from said stock while the same is in hobbing position.

In an automatic hobbing machine and lathe for making pinions from rod stock, a spindie and, collet forholding and rotating the stock, a, ding head stock supporting said spindle and d htedz to; impart longitudinal movement to. the stoclmmechanical means, including; a. cam for.

slowly advancing said headstock, means inc1ud= ing an air cylinder and: piston for'rapidly advance ing said head stock following the slow advance thereof fora predetermineddistance, said last means. including also a cam controlledi air= valve for admitting air to'said cylinder, and: a spring for returnin said head stock.

23. In a combined automatic lathe andrhobbing machine, a spindle and: collet for holding and rotating rod stock, a head stock having two positions in which turning and hobbing operations, respectively, are performed, an air cylinder, means including a piston responsive to the admission of compressed air to one end of said cylinder for advancing said head stock from turning to hobbing'position, a valve operated in timed relation to the completion of saidturn-ing operation tocontrol said admission of air to said cylinder, and means for limiting the rate at which air is expelled from the other end-of said cylinder to prevent an excessively rapid movement of said head stock.

24. In a combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine for makin pinions from rod stock, means including a spindle for rotating said stock, a headstock supporting said spindle, means for operating said headstock to axially move a section of said stock to different positions, means including a cutting tool for performing turning operations on a, part of said stock. section in one headstock position, and means including a hob for cutting pinion teeth in another part of said stock section in another headstock position.

25. In acombined automatic lathe and hobbing machine for making pinionsfrom rod stock, means. for gripping and rotating said stock; a plurality of radialiy-movable tools, means for operating one or more of said tools to form a shaft section at the end; of said stock, a hob, means for axiallyv advancing. said stock to associate an adjacent section of the stock with said hob, means for operating said hob to cut pinion teeth in said: adjacent section, means: for-returning.- the stock; to associate a third section thereof with said tools, andmeans for operating one or more of saidtools toform a second shaft section opposite first shaft section and tocut off the pinion from the o k.

26 Ina; combined automatic lathe and hobbing machine, means including a main spindle for manipulating the stock during turning and hobbingv operations, a shaft extending parallel to, saidfspindle, means for coupling one end of said-shaft, to said spindle, a hob shaft bracket rotatable on, said, shaft at. the other end thereof; a hob shaft supported on said bracket, means for drivin said hob shaft, and'gears for causing said hob; 'shafttodrivesai'd first shaft.

27., Imamachine tool; a: bed, a headstock slid-. able, on; said bed, a, spindle rotatably supported on, said headstock;v and means for rotating said spindle. including; a gear supported on said bed, a-pinion: supported on said headstock, and arranged to continuously mesh with; said ear'notwithstand-ing; motion of; said headstock relative to said bed, a second; pinion supported coaxially with said spindle and in mesh with, said first pinionqand; a clutchfor; coupling said second piniomto saidspindle. l

28., In; a machinetool for making parts from rod, stock, meansincludinga spindle for holding nd rotatin the stock, a: headstock supporting said; spindle, means: for moving said headstock to axially-advance, the spindleaandlstock, a gear supported independent of said: headstock, a pinion 

